The following is a summary of the systematic review findings up to the date of our most recent literature search. If you have a specific clinical case, we strongly recommend you read all of the relevant references as cited and look for additional material published outside our search dates.
- Tourniquet syndrome has been described in infants as both an abusive and non-abusive injury 1,2,3,4
- One comparative study (57 children) noted 67% were experiencing extreme poverty or neglect 3
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Surgeons and paediatricians both need to be aware of a possible abusive aetiology 1,2
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Petechiae in the absence of bruising may occur as a consequence of suffocation 5
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Mongolian blue spots are recorded on feet, scalp, knee and back as well as lumbosacral and gluteal area 6
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Subgaleal haematoma has been described in a toddler following hair braiding 7
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Extended coagulation screen was not performed 7
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Renal failure as a consequence of haemoglobinuria has been sustained when children were severely beaten 8
- Absence of abdominal bruising does not preclude a significant abdominal injury 9 just as the absence of bruising does not preclude AHT 10
References
- Biehler JL, Sieck C, Bonner B, Steumky JH. A survey of health care and child protective services provider knowledge regarding the Toe Tourniquet syndrome. Child Abuse and Neglect. 1994;18(11):987-993 [Pubmed]
- Klusmann A, Lenard H-G. Tourniquet syndrome: accident or abuse? European Journal of Pediatrics. 2004;163(8):495-498 [Pubmed]
- Claudet I, Pasian N, Maréchal C, Salanne S, Debuisson C, Grouteau E. [Hair-thread tourniquet syndrome] [French]. Archives de Pédiatrie. 2010;17(5):474-479 [Pubmed]
- Cutrone M., Magagnato L. Hair thread tourniquet syndrome. Three cases in ten years. European Journal of Pediatric Dermatology. 2009;19(1):23-26 [Abstract provided by European Journal of Pediatric Dermatology]
- Oehmichen M, Gerling I, Meißner C. Petechiae of the baby's skin as differentiation symptom of infanticide versus SIDS. Journal of Forensic Sciences. 2000;45(3):602-607 [Pubmed]
- Egemen A, Ikizoglu T, Ergör S, Asar GM, Yilmaz O. Frequency and characteristics of mongolian spots among Turkish children in Aegean region. Turkish Journal of Pediatrics. 2006;48(3):232-236 [Pubmed]
- Onyeama CO, Lotke M, Edelstein B. Subgaleal hematoma secondary to hair braiding in a 31-month-old child. Pediatric Emergency Care. 2009;25(1):40-41 [Pubmed]
- Rimer RL, Roy S, 3rd. Child Abuse and Hemoglobinuria. Journal of the American Medical Association. 1977;238(19):2034-2035 [Pubmed]
- Barnes PM, Norton CM, Dunstan FD, Kemp AM, Yates DW, Sibert JR. Abdominal injury due to child abuse. Lancet. 2005;366(9481):234-235 [Pubmed]
- Maguire SA, Kemp AM, Lumb RC, Farewell DM. Estimating the probability of abusive head trauma: A pooled analysis. Pediatrics. 2011;128(3):e550-e564 [Pubmed]